Senin, 28 Oktober 2013

[O350.Ebook] Download PDF I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings, by Maya Angelou

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I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings, by Maya Angelou

I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings, by Maya Angelou



I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings, by Maya Angelou

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I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings, by Maya Angelou

Here is a book as joyous and painful, as mysterious and memorable, as childhood itself. I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings captures the longing of lonely children, the brute insult of bigotry, and the wonder of words that can make the world right. Maya Angelou’s debut memoir is a modern American classic beloved worldwide.
 
Sent by their mother to live with their devout, self-sufficient grandmother in a small Southern town, Maya and her brother, Bailey, endure the ache of abandonment and the prejudice of the local “powhitetrash.” At eight years old and back at her mother’s side in St. Louis, Maya is attacked by a man many times her age—and has to live with the consequences for a lifetime. Years later, in San Francisco, Maya learns that love for herself, the kindness of others, her own strong spirit, and the ideas of great authors (“I met and fell in love with William Shakespeare”) will allow her to be free instead of imprisoned.
 
Poetic and powerful, I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings will touch hearts and change minds for as long as people read.
 
“I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings liberates the reader into life simply because Maya Angelou confronts her own life with such a moving wonder, such a luminous dignity.”—James Baldwin

  • Sales Rank: #414682 in Books
  • Published on: 2002-03-05
  • Released on: 2002-03-05
  • Original language: English
  • Number of items: 1
  • Dimensions: 8.52" h x .95" w x 5.73" l, .91 pounds
  • Binding: Hardcover
  • 304 pages
Features
  • Cardboard sleeve.

Amazon.com Review
In this first of five volumes of autobiography, poet Maya Angelou recounts a youth filled with disappointment, frustration, tragedy, and finally hard-won independence. Sent at a young age to live with her grandmother in Arkansas, Angelou learned a great deal from this exceptional woman and the tightly knit black community there. These very lessons carried her throughout the hardships she endured later in life, including a tragic occurrence while visiting her mother in St. Louis and her formative years spent in California--where an unwanted pregnancy changed her life forever. Marvelously told, with Angelou's "gift for language and observation," this "remarkable autobiography by an equally remarkable black woman from Arkansas captures, indelibly, a world of which most Americans are shamefully ignorant."

From Library Journal
If your originals of these two popular titles (LJ 9/1/78, LJ 3/15/70, respectively) have seen better days, these reprints offer affordable, high-quality replacements.
Copyright 1996 Reed Business Information, Inc.

Review
“I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings liberates the reader into life simply because Maya Angelou confronts her own life with such a moving wonder, such a luminous dignity.”—James Baldwin

Most helpful customer reviews

263 of 276 people found the following review helpful.
I agree this book is amazing.
By D. Mabey
In a poetic, yet detatched way, Maya Angelou captures the heart of her struggles growing up female and Black during the Depression. Her style and description draw in the reader and keep her spellbound even during the most painful scenes. You feel deeply for the author and her little brother as they drift through their lives living for a bit of affection. Neglected by their divorced parents, Maya and her brother get sent to Arkansas at ages 4 and 5 to live with their grandma and handicapped uncle. Although life is hard and love not demonstrated, Maya learns much from her grandma and uncle.
The theme of this book is the quest for the child to be loved by the adult. Maya feels inferior. She feels ugly and compares herself to her magical brother Bailey. Both children are starved for true affection and daydream a white movie actress on the screen is their long lost mother.
Maya and her brother are eventually united with "Mother Dear" in St.Louis when she is eight. Unfortunately Mother's boyfriend begins to abuse Maya(...). This is graphically portrayed in the book. Maya's feelings of not belonging and not being truly loved are compounded after the abuse.
I admire all the autobiographical books by Ms.Angelou. She has achieved a lot in her life for a person who started out in such a sad situation.
This book should be read and re-read.

193 of 206 people found the following review helpful.
Misleading Warnings
By Elyse
Going into my freshman year of high school and my first honors english class I was told by my church to beware of the evil book they would force me to read-- I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings.

It was protested because of the vivid picture painted of her sexual abuse.

After reading it I can only shake my head at the people who warned me of this book. By refusing to read it because of something horrible happening to someone you fail to really realise that things of that nature happen.

Reading this book was an eyeopener to me-- to understand just where people like Maya come from. I was riveted throughout this book. Easily it is one of the better books I've read.

285 of 308 people found the following review helpful.
An adult review--and one teacher's viewpoint
By Michele Lewis
May I tell you why I choose to have my ninth grade students read it? I have noticed a lot of reviews by young people, which I applaud, but an adult perspective might be helpful.
I don't particularly feel the need to defend its merits. (I am not articulate enough to do justice to that task.) As with any book, some will love it and some won't. Guaranteed, it will make you uncomfortable at times, because one chapter describes the rape of a young person--which is painful for any compassionate human being to hear. Plus, there are other sexual issues, largely stemming from the earlier assault, but also because she is a teenager in the last phase of the book. Such questions about love and sex are characteristic of the teenage years. Many young people, as well as adults, are confused about such topics. While these are generally the most controversial segments from the book, the fundamental lesson of the book goes far beyond the survival of one victim. I won't supply you with the answers as to what one should take away from the text. It is a personal experience for each of us.
We can all learn from Maya's honest account of her childhood journey. We can all try on her experiences and live vicariously through her for a while, and see how it changes our own perspective on what it means to be a human being.
I'll be the first to admit, this book is a challenge for all my students in one way or another. Some because they are white and live in the northern US. Some because they are male and it's difficult to view life through a woman's eyes. Some because of the adult vocabulary and extensive use of figurative language. Some of these experiences are so remote from their own, while others are very close to home. It helps them to see how much we actually do have in common with those who at first seem very different. They all can benefit from reading it, if they give it a chance. (Adults may be better equiped to appreciate fully this text. However, young people can take so much from it. Maybe one day, we can have an abridged version, so it is still rich in language and meaning, yet condensed so more young people can access its many gifts.)
Beyond the darkness of some of those experiences (discrimination, rape, humilation and fear) lies a powerful sense of hope, dignity, determination and resilience. One of my favorite aspects of the book is its emphasis on the power of education, language and literacy. Throughout Maya's life--books, poetry, impassioned voices have all inspired her. Her autobiography is a moving tribute to a literate way of life and an enduring legacy to that tradition.

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Rabu, 16 Oktober 2013

[D438.Ebook] Get Free Ebook AP Physics 1 Essentials: An APlusPhysics Guide, by Dan Fullerton

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AP Physics 1 Essentials: An APlusPhysics Guide, by Dan Fullerton

AP Physics 1 Essentials is an easy-to-read guide to the entire AP Physics 1 course, featuring more than 500 worked-out problems with full solutions and deeper understanding questions. AP Physics 1 Essentials covers all major topics included in the AP Physics 1 course, including: kinematics, dynamics, momentum, impulse, gravity, uniform circular motion, rotation, work, energy, power, mechanical waves, sound, electrostatics, and circuits.

AP Physics 1 Essentials is integrated with the APlusPhysics.com website, which includes online question and answer forums, videos, animations, and supplemental problems to help you master the essential concepts of physics.

This book is designed to assist physics students in their high school AP Physics courses both as a guide throughout the course as well as a review book to assist in end-of-course exam preparation. Its focus is on providing the bare bones, essential concepts necessary for success in the course in a straightforward and easy-to-read manner, leaving development of in-depth problem solving and lab work to the classroom, where it is most effective. In short, this is not intended as a substitute for a standard textbook or course, but rather as an invaluable supplementary resource.

This first edition does not include the AP-style problem sets, though they are available for free download on the APlusPhysics site. The newer 2nd edition includes many of problems from the problem sets in the appendix.

  • Sales Rank: #899806 in Books
  • Published on: 2013-08-10
  • Original language: English
  • Number of items: 1
  • Dimensions: 9.00" h x .75" w x 6.00" l, .99 pounds
  • Binding: Paperback
  • 332 pages

About the Author

Dan Fullerton is a physics teacher at Irondequoit High School in Rochester, NY, an adjunct professor of microelectronic engineering at Rochester Institute of Technology, and director of APlusPhysics.com.

He lives in Webster, NY, with his beautiful wife, indefatigable daughters, and sleepy dog.

You can follow Fullerton on twitter as @aplusphysics, read his personal blog at danfullerton.com, and his physics blog at http://aplusphysics.com/flux.

Most helpful customer reviews

38 of 44 people found the following review helpful.
Not even close, and there are much better out there.
By Aetre
This book covers the topics of the new exam, technically, but it misses the mark badly on what the new questions are like. Page through the previews Amazon has here, and you'll see example problems that are pure calculation--"Find the speed of..." "Find the acceleration..." But that's not the true nature of the new test at all. On the AP Physics 1 exam, you can expect questions closer to:

"You throw a ball of mass m up at speed v. It reaches a height of h before it starts to come down. What could you change in order to make the ball reach a height of 2h before coming down? a) Throw the ball twice as fast. b) Throw the ball sqrt(2) times as fast. c) Throw a ball that is half as massive at the same speed v. d) Throw the ball 4 times as fast."

Note what you don't see as any of the options: a solution in meters per second (or any other unit, for that matter). Contrast this to the problems you see in the previews. You don't have to take my word (or anyone else's, for that matter), by the way; College Board released several sample physics problems on their website. Look them over and look at the ones in this book; they're not even close.

So although you can get a glimpse at the topics covered in this book, and read what the definition of momentum is and such, the practice problems included here are beyond misleading and shouldn't be used for AP Physics 1 at all. The McGraw Hill guide hits much closer to the mark, as should the as-yet-unreleased Barrons and Princeton Review guides. And if you'd prefer a textbook full of problems that resemble the new course material, check out Knight-Jones-Field's 3rd edition (pink, water drop on cover) or Etkina-VanHuevelen's 1st edition (bicycle wheel on cover). As well, old Cutnell-Johnson textbooks (pre-8th edition) are cheap to get used copies of nowadays and contain some concept-first-problem-second "group solving" problems at the end of each chapter that are similar to the Qualitative-Quantitative Reasoning questions (QQR) that will show up in the short answer section of the new exam.

Any one of these options would be a much better source for the new exam than this horrible book that puts "AP Physics 1" in the title but contains none of the new-style questions.

8 of 8 people found the following review helpful.
Wish I would have had this in engineering school
By James Skyrm
After graduating from engineering school and working in the industry for a number of years, I'm interesting seeing how new textbooks present physics concepts to see if I would have benefited from their teaching approach. I feel the methods presented in this book would have better helped me in my time as a student. I always learned the best in deconstructing the example problems. In this book you have a huge number of problems to learn from. I'd give this book my thumbs up.

9 of 9 people found the following review helpful.
Five Stars
By Alex Dai
Great book. Very educational, taught me everything I need to know about physics and dat boi.

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Senin, 14 Oktober 2013

[Z384.Ebook] PDF Download Four Views of Youth Ministry and the Church, by Mark H. Senter III, Wesley Black, Chap Clark, Malan Nel, Mark Senter

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Four Views of Youth Ministry and the Church, by Mark H. Senter  III, Wesley Black, Chap Clark, Malan Nel, Mark Senter

Join the conversation as experts propose, defend, and explore Four Views of Youth Ministry and the Church. In a dialog that often gets downright feisty, four youth ministry academicians delineate their distinct philosophical and ecclesiological views regarding how youth ministry relates to the church at large--and leave a taste of what’s profound and what’s not in these four typologies: Inclusive congregational (Malan Nel). What happens when a church thoroughly integrates its adolescents, making them full partners in every aspect of congregational life? Preparatory (Wesley Black). Why and how should a church consider its teenagers as disciples-in-training and its youth ministry a school of preparation for future participation in church life? Missional (Chap Clark). What does a church look like, whose youth ministry does not necessarily nurture "church kids" but is essentially evangelistic? Whose youths and youth workers are considered missionaries? Strategic (Mark Senter). How feasible is it for a youth ministry to become a new church on its own--the youth pastor becoming the pastor, and the new church planted with the blessing of the mother church? In Four View of Your Ministry and the Church, solid academic writing and an inviting tone and design create a compelling text for both in-the-field, practicing youth workers and undergraduates and graduate students.

  • Sales Rank: #730371 in Books
  • Brand: HarperCollins Christian Pub.
  • Published on: 2001-02-01
  • Released on: 2001-02-05
  • Original language: English
  • Number of items: 1
  • Dimensions: 9.02" h x .47" w x 5.98" l, .58 pounds
  • Binding: Paperback
  • 192 pages

From the Back Cover
Join the conversation as experts propose, defend, and explore Four Views of Youth Ministry and the Church. In a dialog that often gets downright feisty, four youth ministry academicians delineate their distinct philosophical and ecclesiological views regarding how youth ministry relates to the church at large--and leave a taste of what's profound and what's not in these four typologies: Inclusive congregational (Malan Nel). What happens when a church thoroughly integrates its adolescents, making them full partners in every aspect of congregational life? Preparatory (Wesley Black). Why and how should a church consider its teenagers as disciples-in-training and its youth ministry a school of preparation for future participation in church life? Missional (Chap Clark). What does a church look like, whose youth ministry does not necessarily nurture 'church kids' but is essentially evangelistic? Whose youths and youth workers are considered missionaries? Strategic (Mark Senter). How feasible is it for a youth ministry to become a new church on its own--the youth pastor becoming the pastor, and the new church planted with the blessing of the mother church? In Four View of Your Ministry and the Church, solid academic writing and an inviting tone and design create a compelling text for both in-the-field, practicing youth workers and undergraduates and graduate students.

About the Author
Dr. Mark Senter (PhD, Loyola University of Chicago) is associate professor of educational ministries at the Deerfield/Chicago campus of Trinity International University.

Wesley Black (PhD) is professor and department chair of youth and student ministries at Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary in Fort Worth, Texas.

Chap Clark, PhD (Univ. of Denver), has more than 25 years of experience in youth and family ministry. He is Associate Provost for Regional Campuses and Special Projects and Professor of Youth, Family, and Culture at Fuller Theological Seminary. Chap’s extensive books, articles, and videos focus primarily on relationships. Among his many books are Hurt and Hurt 2.0; Disconnected: Parenting Teens in a MySpace World (coauthored with his wife, Dee); and Deep Justice in a Broken World. Chap and Dee live in Gig Harbor, Washington.



Malan Nel (DD, University of Pretoria) is professor of youth ministry and Christian education at Vista University in South Africa.

Most helpful customer reviews

8 of 8 people found the following review helpful.
An Academic Review
By Shean Phillips
INTRODUCTION
A little hectic to read at first, Four Views of Youth Ministry is a thorough look at the "Inclusive Congregational", "Preparatory", "Missional" and "Strategic" approaches to reaching and discipling students. With rebuttals from each viewpoint offered at the end of the sections. This work does what others have not attempted in that it has respected men in youth ministry openly critiquing each other's philosophies. If there were an ESPN for academic youth ministry, this would be a prize fight observed by many wondering spectators eager to see which is the last philosophy standing.

WHAT IS THE MESSAGE OF THE TEXT?

It is clear from the amount of attention shown by each of these men that the message of this text is two-fold; first, the current state of youth ministry is failing this present generation in evangelism and discipleship. Second, the current state of ecclesiology is failing youth ministry by not incorporating younger Christians into the work of the body. The goal of the text is to address these concerns in an intellectual dialogue using scriptural principles and cultural relevance.

HOW WAS I CHALLENGED?
There is no question that each of these principles is scripturally based. There is also no doubt that each of these men is spirit-led and has a heart for reaching and equipping students. There was plenty to be challenged with from each of the four philosophies. First, from the "Inclusive congregational" approach, Malan Nel challenges the church to see youth as the church of today gifted for today's service, rather than as a separate body of believers that are disconnected. In an answer to our dilemma about youth ministries not being unified with churches, Nel says "The problem is not our youth ministry, the problem is our church."(2) Nel's challenge for the church to see teens as viable resources for ministry using their gift of teenagers rather than considering that gift a burden is refreshing. Wesley Black presented the "Preparatory" approach to youth ministry. The key challenge I took from this section was to view youth ministry more as an apprenticeship program. The focus here was one preparing teens for future service. There is a definite conflict here with Nel's philosophy and that is the subject of some discussion in the rebuttals, but if taken for face value, one could see that the middle ground on each of these is beneficial to the development of teens and to the growth of the local church. The "Missional" approach, in my opinion is likely the most pure in regards to biblical ministry. The focus that Chap Clark puts on students as a people group is enlightening. The recognition that youth workers are really just reaching another culture is refreshing. The expectation that we should be able to reach them because "they are ours" is out the door. The understanding is that they are their own and they will make spiritual decisions for themselves. Mark Senter contributed the final approach to youth ministry called the "Strategic" approach. The challenging part of this section came on page 118. Senter flies in the face of Mark Yaconelli (Contemplative Youth Ministry) and the like who have called for a more simple approach to student mentoring. Senter says returning to the simplicity of the old days would be much like returning to the one-room schoolhouse in public education." The "Strategic" approach recognizes the multifaceted nature of today's youth ministries and the cultural complexity of today's youth and seeks to unify the body of Christ (young and old) through youth ministry church planting. I was challenged to learn of the number of churches that began as thriving youth ministries.

WHAT DID I LIKE ABOUT THE BOOK?

The idea of allowing four men who are passionate about the way God has led them to do ministry to "duke it out" in a book is a great idea. So in general, I liked the very idea of the book. More specifically, the contributors were honest enough to not pull punches. There are times when the "arguments" seem to get a little heated. It was also extremely insightful that they each shined light on the positive points in each other's philosophies.

WHAT NEW THINGS HAVE I LEARNED FROM THIS WORK THAT I WILL APPLY IN MY FUTURE YOUTH MINISTRY STRATEGY?

First, the "Missional" approach opened my eyes to youth as a people group rather than just an age group. I will apply more of a "Missional" strategy to my youth work the "Inclusive Congregational" model excited me about what teens can be doing in churches today, and the lasting relationships that can be built with people in older generations. I am particularly excited about what that might do for our church's retention rate of graduating seniors. The stark contrast found in many of these four models taught me that there is definitely more than one "right" way to do youth ministry...none of these authors are failures. This contrast also taught me that each of them have strengths and weaknesses and it would behoove any youth leader to squeeze out the flaws and implement the strengths without concern of allegiance to any title on the philosophy or proponent thereof.

WHICH VIEW OF YOUTH MINISTRY IS CLOSEST TO MY STYLES AND HOW WOULD I COMBINE STYLES?

Part of the struggle I have had over my eleven year youth ministry career is that I have tried to do three of these four exclusively and it has crashed and burned. I have taken Jesus to the youth culture (Missional) to the extent that the message was watered down and lost. Then I got into ministry teams and was including students in leadership positions (inclusive congregational) before they were ready for such a position. I then pulled them all out and started focusing on discipleship (preparatory) before they would be allowed to serve. The only thing I hadn't tried is starting a youth church and I don't think I will be trying that. Perhaps with more balance I would have been more successful in one or more of these ventures.
To combine the qualities, I would reach youth as a people group rather than an age group; prepare them as they serve in youth / children's ministry for service in the whole body. The next major factor would be to integrate them outside of leadership into as many facets of the corporate body as possible.

WHAT ARE THREE NEW THINGS I CAN DO TODAY IN THE AREA OF PERSONAL STUDENT DEVELOPMENT?

Reach parents, Develop a scope and sequence for discipling students, and go to them rather than expecting them to come to me.

CONCLUSION

I have used this book in the youth classes I teach, the insights are very helpful. Even the questions that are posed are as helpful as the answers given. "Four Views" goes along way in the educational process of youth ministry undergrads by allowing the reader to be a part of the decision making between the different models.

0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
Great book, but can get tangled up in "academic-ese"
By Evan Doyle
Overall, this is a great book looking at several models of youth ministry, and a must read for any current or future youth minister. Be prepared to put your mind into overdrive though, as the book many times gets its powerful message lost in a sea of academic mumbo-jumbo and theological jargon. Definitely a worthy read, however.

0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
Great
By hanelson310
This book was great. It gives you several differnt views on how to run a youth ministry. It focuses on four ways as well as how each of them focus on missional or fellowship. This book is very helpful for those looking to going into youth ministry or those already there.

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Jumat, 11 Oktober 2013

[Y236.Ebook] Ebook Making Medicines: A Brief History of Pharmacy and Pharmaceuticals, by Stuart Anderson

Ebook Making Medicines: A Brief History of Pharmacy and Pharmaceuticals, by Stuart Anderson

As one of the book collections to recommend, this Making Medicines: A Brief History Of Pharmacy And Pharmaceuticals, By Stuart Anderson has some solid reasons for you to review. This book is quite ideal with exactly what you require now. Besides, you will likewise like this book Making Medicines: A Brief History Of Pharmacy And Pharmaceuticals, By Stuart Anderson to read since this is among your referred books to check out. When getting something brand-new based upon experience, enjoyment, and other lesson, you could use this book Making Medicines: A Brief History Of Pharmacy And Pharmaceuticals, By Stuart Anderson as the bridge. Beginning to have reading habit can be undergone from different ways and also from variant types of publications

Making Medicines: A Brief History of Pharmacy and Pharmaceuticals, by Stuart Anderson

Making Medicines: A Brief History of Pharmacy and Pharmaceuticals, by Stuart Anderson



Making Medicines: A Brief History of Pharmacy and Pharmaceuticals, by Stuart Anderson

Ebook Making Medicines: A Brief History of Pharmacy and Pharmaceuticals, by Stuart Anderson

Checking out a book Making Medicines: A Brief History Of Pharmacy And Pharmaceuticals, By Stuart Anderson is type of easy activity to do every single time you desire. Also reviewing whenever you want, this activity will certainly not disturb your other activities; many people commonly read guides Making Medicines: A Brief History Of Pharmacy And Pharmaceuticals, By Stuart Anderson when they are having the leisure. Just what regarding you? Exactly what do you do when having the extra time? Don't you spend for pointless points? This is why you have to get guide Making Medicines: A Brief History Of Pharmacy And Pharmaceuticals, By Stuart Anderson and attempt to have reading habit. Reading this book Making Medicines: A Brief History Of Pharmacy And Pharmaceuticals, By Stuart Anderson will certainly not make you pointless. It will certainly offer a lot more advantages.

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Discovering the right Making Medicines: A Brief History Of Pharmacy And Pharmaceuticals, By Stuart Anderson book as the ideal requirement is type of lucks to have. To start your day or to finish your day in the evening, this Making Medicines: A Brief History Of Pharmacy And Pharmaceuticals, By Stuart Anderson will certainly appertain sufficient. You can merely hunt for the floor tile here and also you will obtain guide Making Medicines: A Brief History Of Pharmacy And Pharmaceuticals, By Stuart Anderson referred. It will not bother you to reduce your important time to opt for shopping book in store. By doing this, you will likewise spend money to pay for transportation and various other time spent.

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Making Medicines: A Brief History of Pharmacy and Pharmaceuticals, by Stuart Anderson

A concise, chronological discussion of the history of therapeutics and pharmacy from the Egyptians through to the present day, with a focus on the discovery and uses of medicines to treat illness through the ages, and the evolving role of the pharmacist. Each chapter is contributed by an expert in the period or field, and illustrates how wider social, political and economic developments have influenced drug development and shaped pharmacy practice.

  • Sales Rank: #3203350 in Books
  • Published on: 2005-09-01
  • Ingredients: Example Ingredients
  • Original language: English
  • Number of items: 1
  • Dimensions: .86" h x 6.24" w x 9.58" l, 1.59 pounds
  • Binding: Hardcover
  • 318 pages

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4 of 4 people found the following review helpful.
Our English Cousins
By D. P. Gmyrek
For those interested in the history of healthcare in general and medicine and pharmacy in particular. US pharmacy and medical practice rose mostly from the English traditions, and this book covers this well. It also shows how, where, and why they diverged in the 19th and 20th centuries. This would be somewhat dry for the layman, but for a pharmacist or physican, or a student of either, it would be a valuable resource. The portions concerning the National Health Service are particularly revealing considering the current debate in the US at this time.

1 of 1 people found the following review helpful.
Short and accurate
By F.A.
Great short history of medicine not too much details and mostly focussed on England. The book to my knowledge seems accurate and well edited but definitely could expand on certain sections especially the history of medicine in the old days.

0 of 2 people found the following review helpful.
Excellant Information. Provides facts on the origins of medicine.
By Eric D. Blanks
Stuart Anderson clearly states that Doctors do not know the origins of the medicine they prescribe. Every pharmaceutical drug is based of a natural plant. We must change our life style. I highly recommend this book.

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Senin, 07 Oktober 2013

[R285.Ebook] Ebook Inequality: What Everyone Needs to Know®, by James K. Galbraith

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Inequality: What Everyone Needs to Know®, by James K. Galbraith

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Inequality: What Everyone Needs to Know®, by James K. Galbraith

Over the past thirty years, the issue of economic inequality has emerged from the backwaters of economics to claim center stage in the political discourse of America and beyond---a change prompted by a troubling fact: numerous measures of income inequality, especially in the United States in the last quarter of the twentieth century, have risen sharply in recent years. Even so, many people remain confused about what, exactly, politicians and media persons mean when they discuss inequality. What does "economic inequality" mean? How is it measured? Why should we care? Why did inequality rise in the United States? Is rising inequality an inevitable feature of capitalism? What should we do about it?

Inequality: What Everyone Needs to Know takes up these questions and more in plain and clear language, bringing to life one of the great economic and political debates of our age. Inequality expert James K. Galbraith has compiled the latest economic research on inequality and explains his findings in a way that everyone can understand. He offers a comprehensive introduction to the study of economic inequality, including its philosophical and theoretical origins, the variety of concepts in wide use, empirical measures and their advantages and disadvantages, competing modern theories of the causes and effects of rising inequality in the United States and worldwide, and a range of policy measures.

The topic of economic inequality is going to become only more important as we approach the 2016 presidential elections. This latest addition to the popular What Everyone Needs to Know series from Oxford University Press will tell you everything you need to know to make informed opinions on this significant issue.

  • Sales Rank: #4476663 in Books
  • Published on: 2016-03-10
  • Original language: English
  • Number of items: 1
  • Dimensions: 5.50" h x 1.00" w x 8.25" l, .0 pounds
  • Binding: Hardcover
  • 224 pages

About the Author

James K. Galbraith teaches at The University of Texas at Austin. He holds degrees from Harvard and Yale, and was a Marshall Scholar at King's College, Cambridge. He served as Executive Director of the Joint Economic Committee, US Congress, in the early 1980s. In 2010 he was elected to the Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei. In 2012, he was President of the Association for Evolutionary Economics. He is the 2014 co-winner of the Leontief Prize for advancing the frontiers of economic thought.

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13 of 13 people found the following review helpful.
This is a difficult, worthwhile and informative read. Free market purists will not like it.
By lyndonbrecht
Galbraith's book will likely infuriate free-market purists, while it may strike more radical readers as a bit tepid in its analysis. The book is a somewhat difficult read--although short, it took me a good five hours to read. Galbraith is an economist, and uses a set of terms I found somewhat daunting; you do not need to be an economist to understand the book, but a reader who has had a recent economics course will find it easier to digest. That said, the book is loaded with information.

Galbraith does not condemn the free market; he condemns some aspects of it. Nor does he condemn competition or the accumulation of wealth, but cautions that wealth can become dangerous to society in some contexts (he is a bit harsh on the children of people who have accumulated great wealth). The beginning of the book is heavy on definition of terms and consideration of measure. What is wealth? What is income? How can it be measured? What is inequality and how can it be measured? These may seem simple but they turn out to be rather complex. Measures are inconsistent, and data from many countries is unreliable to nonexistent.

Galbraith sees a general pattern, with some variation regionally, of rough stability of income in the 1960s, a decline in inequality in the 1970s, then a sharp rise in inequality in the 1980s peaking in about 2000, with modest declines in inequality since. So, is inequality a motivator to strive for betterment? Does the market require unemployment to scare people into productive activity? Is inequality a function of freeloading drones? Here's Galbraith: "However, in this economist's view, the theories are not broadly persuasive and there seems to be no alternative to thinking of inequality as something societies construct..."

This is where some readers are going to get riled up. There is no basic science of the market. Inequality is a function of what societies create, a result of establishing legal and social privileges which are "essentially protections, subsidies and monopoly power." An example would be slavery, in which a dominant social view acts to control labor and channel wealth created by labor. Galbraith notes that inequality was accepted as a norm for many many centuries, and that the notion of inequality being a social problem is recent.

Readers need not read the whole book to profit from reading it. Chapter 2 looks at a number of economists and what they have had to say about the topic. These include Adam Smith, Keynes, Marx, Kuznets, Schumpeter and Veblen. There's a good summary of Schumpeter's view that the great danger is regulation by government which stifles innovation and change, and his view of "creative destruction." Chapter 3 discusses "categorical inequality" which might best be described as institutionalized barriers to success, such as societal rules about race and gender. These, says Galbraith, can change over time, such as Jews or Irish have in the US.

Chapter 4 looks at major concepts of distribution, largely definitional, who gets what wealth and how it can be measured--again, no worldwide standard. Chapter 5 examines measures of inequality, which is again definitional. Chapter 6 considers the US and causes of changing inequality. Chapter 7 looks at causes of changing inequality in the rest of the world. One interesting aspect is that he sees "financialization" as an important process, as a clumsy term for the shift in financial authority from government to financial actors (here, he seems to mean banks and globalizing corporations). Chapter 8 asks are we returning to the Victorian age, and this chapter is one I didn't quite follow, because most of it discusses Piketty's recent and famous book, picking it apart.

Chapter 9 examines norms and consequences. He notes that inequality is neither bad or good for growth. He seems to regard it as a social question, and also obviously sees it as a social problem. I say "seems" because I found some of the argument in this chapter a bit opaque and am not sure I understand it. However in Chapter 10, he discusses policies against inequality. He notes that free trade agreements are thousands of pages long and are actually highly detailed regulations for the control of trade, which unmasks the notion that such pacts reflect free markets. Galbraith sees a need for intelligent regulation that recognizes the role of competition, and that a society should act to reduce inequality as a way to retain a healthy economy (this is my wording, not his).

The book ends with two sections that are interesting but a bit off topic. Chapter 11 is a note on wealth and power, which sees wealth as potentially having way too much access to power (this has a flavor of power corrupting and absolute wealth corrupting absolutely). The last section considers whether economic equality leads to success in war; I found it a bit tedious but the upshot seems to be that a society characterized by equality will result in a stronger commitment to it by its citizens.

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